Clonidine

Conclusion: Our findings represent the most comprehensive available evidence base to inform patients, families, clinicians, guideline developers, and policymakers on the choice of ADHD medications across age groups. Taking into account both efficacy and safety, evidence from this meta-analysis supports methylphenidate in children and adolescents, and amphetamines in adults, as preferred first-choice medications for the short-term treatment of ADHD. New research should be funded urgently to assess long-term effects of these drugs.

Conclusion: Good support was provided in the 11 studies for the use of adjunctive family-focused psychotherapeutic approaches, and this approach should be considered an important part of any treatment regimen. The pharmacological treatment landscape for S-USBD lacks a systematic research base, warranting further exploration with controlled clinical trials. Case series indicate promising treatment outcomes for TSDD with high-dose lithium, clonidine, ketamine, and other cooling measures. Validation of this novel treatment strategy in controlled trials is needed to advance the management of the S-USBD varian

Conclusion: All investigated nonstimulants were more efficacious in the treatment of ADHD in adults, than placebo, while the placebo had better acceptability and tolerability.

Conclusion: ketamine and i.v. dexmedetomidine.