Tesa

Conclusion: Finally, no difference in PR or LBR was observed when the use of fresh sperm was compared to the utilization of cryopreserved sperm. The present data suggest that performing TESE/micro-TESE in subjects with KS results in SRRs of close to 50%, and then PRs and LBRs of close to 50%, with the results being independent of any clinical or biochemical parameters tested.

Conclusion: Sperm retrieval was higher for micro-TESE compared with cTESE and for cTESE compared with TESA. Standardization of reported outcomes as well as combining all available SR data would help to further elucidate the SRs of these procedures.

Conclusion: This study suggests testicular sperm may be better than ejaculated sperm for improving SDF in infertility cases. Direct comparisons are needed, before deeming short abstinence less effective. Future research should directly compare reproductive outcomes using both methods.

Conclusion: No parameter predicted SSR rates in patients with AZFc microdeletions. Overall, genetic abnormalities have significant implications on SSR success in patients with NOA.