Potassium Chloride

Conclusion: Short-term responses (such as relief from dyspnea, physical signs of congestion, and weight change) varied greatly across studies; all diuretic strategies were accompanied by short-term increases in serum creatinine and did not demonstrate benefits on mortality or recurrent heart failure events. The available evidence suggests that intensification of loop diuretic agents produces relief of physical signs of decongestion, but the importance of different strategies for short-term decongestion strategy for health status and long-term outcomes has not been established.

Conclusion: In patients with AHF, a combination diuretic strategy improved early decongestion without affecting prognosis. The use of SGLT2i during index hospitalization was associated with an improvement in all-cause mortality and HF events.

Conclusion: SGLT2i addition to conventional diuretic therapy reduced all-cause death, readmissions for HF, and the composite of cardiovascular death or readmissions for HF. Moreover, SGLT2i was associated with a higher volume of diuresis with a lower dose of loop diuretics.

Conclusion: Based on the limited number of published RCTs, the systolic/diastolic blood pressure-lowering effect of loop diuretics is -8/-4 mmHg, which is likely an overestimate. We graded the quality of evidence for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure estimates as "low" due to the high risk of bias of included studies and the high likelihood of publication bias. We found no clinically meaningful blood pressure-lowering differences between different drugs within the loop diuretic class. The dose-ranging effects of loop diuretics could not be evaluated. The review did not provide a good estimate of