Caffeine Gum

Conclusion: The relative Caff-gum dose ranged from 1.27-4.26 mg/kg BM and timing ranged from 120 min prior to exercise up to intra-test application.Caff-gum was shown to be an effective ergogenic aid for trained individuals involved in both endurance and strength/power exercise.Supplement dose and timing modified the efficacy of Caff-gum. Supplementation with Caff-gum was effective when provided in doses ≥3 mg/kg BM and within 15 min prior to initiating exercise.Trained endurance or strength/power athletes seeking to benefit from caffeine in the form of chewing gum should supplement within 15 min prior to

Conclusion: Caffeine gum produced statistically significant but trivial improvements in physical performance, suggesting limited practical significance. However, even these small improvements may provide a competitive advantage in certain sporting situations. Registration The protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251086458).