L-Dopa

Conclusion: Finally, several cases of homocystinuria associated with dystonia, and some recent reports of elevated Hcy in patients with primary adult onset dystonia have been published. Increased Hcy plasma levels may have important implications in patients affected by these basal ganglia disturbances, by exerting neurotoxic effects, contributing to neurotransmitter imbalance in motor circuits, and increasing the risk for vascular insults and cognitive dysfunctions.

Conclusion: In PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations, adjunctive PER did not improve the motor state and was well-tolerated at the lower doses.

Conclusion: We conclude that nicotine appears to have efficacy in animal models of LID. Large randomized clinical trials testing the effect of nicotine in PD patients with LID are warranted.

Conclusion: Opioids seem to be effective for treating RLS symptoms, but there are no definitive data regarding the important problem of safety. This conclusion is based on only one study with a high dropout rate (moderate quality evidence).