Urolithin a

Conclusion: Unrelated adverse events were mild or moderate. Further research across more physiological systems and longer intervention periods is required.

Conclusion: Age-related sarcopenia and gut microbiota alterations are intricately linked. Short-chain fatty acid metabolism, urolithin A, and bile acid production may be pivotal factors in the gut-muscle axis pathway. Supplementation with beneficial metabolite-associated microorganisms could enhance muscle function, mitigate muscle atrophy, and decelerate sarcopenia progression.

Conclusion: Postbiotics seem to be a safe intervention and the results were in favor of a reduction in adipogenesis as well as an increase in energy expenditure. Further high-quality studies are required in this relatively new topic.

Conclusion: The current evidence supports the view that olive and pomegranate polyphenols act as biologically versatile compounds with considerable pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential. Future investigations integrating enzymology, metabolomics, molecular docking, and clinical validation will be essential for translating these promising in vitro findings into evidence-based therapeutic applications.